Comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have a relevant prognostic role as nearly 30–40% of patients die from causes that are not directly related to the disease itself.1 In this context, lung cancer represents a relevant topic as the risk of lung cancer in people with IPF has been reported to be markedly increased,2 being largely diagnosed during the clinical and radiological follow-up for fibrosis.

Lung cancer and IPF are associated with a poor prognosis, and when the two conditions occur together, the outlook may be particularly bleak,3 4 as an ever-growing body of evidence confirms the negative impact of lung cancer on IPF prognosis and vice versa.4 5 People living with IPF who develop lung cancer usually experience a challenging oncological management, as most of the currently available treatments can be detrimental in the case of concurrent IPF…