STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

  • The analytical cross-sectional design of the study enabled the examination of factors associated with self-reported food hygiene practices among street food vendors in a real world setting.

  • Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding and estimate the independent associations between explanatory variables and food hygiene practices.

  • The reliance on self-reported practices may have introduced recall and social desirability bias, resulting in possible misclassification of food hygiene practices.

  • The cross-sectional study design precludes establishing temporal relationships or causal inferences between the identified factors and food hygiene practices.

  • The absence of direct observational assessments or microbiological testing limited the validation of self-reported food hygiene practices.

    • Introduction

    Street food vending is universally defined as the preparation and sale of ready-to-eat foods and beverages by traders in public spaces, particularly along urban streets, transport hubs…