Systematic reviews frequently evaluate complex interventions that combine multiple healthcare interventions—called components—to achieve important patient and health system outcomes.12 Clinicians and patients may want to know the safest and most effective individual component and combination of components among many identifiable components and combinations to treat or prevent a given condition. For example, non-drug interventions, such as fall prevention interventions,3 usually share common components that relate to the nature of the intervention (eg, fall prevention devices, social engagement, cognitive behavioural therapy), provider (eg, clinician, nurse, lay person), intensity (eg, daily, weekly), setting (eg, hospital, home, community), and mode of delivery (eg, virtually, in-person). Clinicians and patients need to know what are the most effective components for fall prevention, which can be tailored to their circumstances. Quantitative methods—such as an extension of the standard network meta-analysis (NMA), component NMA (CNMA)—can compare complex interventions and their separate component effects in a single model.12…